Daijiworld Media Network - Boston

Boston, Feb 21: A growing body of research suggests that infections, including those caused by common bacteria in gum disease, could contribute to the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. While the connection may seem unlikely, studies indicate that certain pathogens play a significant role in neurodegeneration.

A study published in Science Advances (2019) found that Porphyromonas gingivalis—the bacteria responsible for chronic periodontitis—was present in the brains of deceased Alzheimer’s patients. The researchers, led by microbiologist Jan Potempa of the University of Louisville, also demonstrated in mice that a gum infection with P gingivalis led to brain colonization and increased production of amyloid-beta (Aβ), a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.

Further analysis revealed that the bacteria secrete toxic enzymes called gingipains, which were linked to tau protein and ubiquitin both key markers of Alzheimer’s. Interestingly, these gingipains were also detected in the brains of individuals who had not yet been diagnosed with the disease, raising the possibility that gum infections might trigger early-stage Alzheimer’s pathology.

Harvard neuroscientist Rudolph Tanzi explains that amyloid-beta, a protein associated with Alzheimer’s, initially serves as a defense mechanism against infections. However, over decades, its accumulation damages neurons, leading to cognitive decline.

The study opens new doors for potential treatment, as a compound called COR388 has shown promise in reducing bacterial load, amyloid-beta production, and neuroinflammation in mice. While human trials are needed, experts stress the importance of exploring multiple approaches to tackle Alzheimer’s, given the lack of effective treatments in recent years.

Though there is no single Alzheimer’s-causing germ, multiple infections, including those from gum disease, could act as triggers. As research continues, maintaining good oral hygiene may prove more critical than ever in preventing long-term neurological damage.